Metodología para implementar herramientas de business intelligence en MIPyMES, basada en buenas prácticas y tecnologías emergentes

Abstract

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, because of their participation in production chains, are economic entities that play an extremely important role in the economic development of all countries. Due to this level of relevance, it is necessary to provide these entrepreneurs with tools to increase their survival rates. In Mexico, of the 6,373,169 companies identified during the 2019 economic census, 94.4% are MSMEs and of these, and according to the Life Expectancy of Businesses in Mexico study, 41% die during the first 5 years of life. From the economic point of view, technological changes are a factor that drives growth. Information technologies provide support for analysis and planning processes that can provide competitive advantages; however, it cannot be said categorically that technological adoption is sufficient and it requires the development of a set of capabilities to take advantage of it. Business intelligence as a concept that groups ... applications, infrastructures and tools, and best practices that facilitate the access and analysis of information to improve and optimize decisions and performance enables the access and analysis of information for such use. By providing MSMEs with affordable technological tools to evaluate their own performance and anticipate external factors, they could design courses of action that would enable them to extend their life cycles. Socially, the impact would be reflected in improvements in the living standards of both the people who work in MSMEs and the entrepreneurs who risk their investments. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology to implement business intelligence systems in MSMEs, which helps to optimize existing capabilities through the use of free software, open source software and cloud computing. Due to this, the focus of this research has been developed with a qualitative approach, on the guidelines of Action Research in its practical modality. The thematic development of this document is organized in sections which represent the theoretical and conceptual basis for the scope of the general objective detailed above. Thus, in Chapter 1, the relevance of MSMEs in the economy will be established in a general way, as well as the results of a study where the main reasons for not implementing business intelligence solutions are concluded. Chapter 2 will address the theoretical background that establishes how technological changes generate growth, as well as the contribution of information technologies to this growth. The elements within the architecture of a business intelligence system will also be analyzed, as well as the critical success factors in the implementation of such solutions. At this point, a paradigm called software development based on reuse is included. Finally, a bibliographic analysis is carried out to identify the elements of the proposed solution from a conceptual point of view. In Chapter 3, the reasons for the selection of the methodological framework are presented, as well as the justification for selecting the specific IT norms, standards, methodologies and best practices that make up the proposal and how they will be integrated into an implementation methodology. Chapter 4 will present the results of the implementation of the proposed methodology, in the framework of a case study and conclusions of that case.